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  • Introduction 1. Problems of the sign: Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-89): 1. The changing concepts of the sign 2. A poetry of struggle 3. Signigication as appropriation: 'inscape' 4. Signification as distancing 5. The empty sign: Significatioin and 'selving' 6. Modernist Hopkins 2. The symbolic approach and its limits: W. B. Yeats (1865-1939): 1. The functions of the symbol 2. Symbols and symbolism in Yeats's early poems 3. Objective symbolism 4. Subjective symbolism 5. Symbols and history 6. The limit of the symbol: imagination 3. From metaphor to metonymy: T. S. Eliot (1888-1965): 1. The birth of modernism 2. The structure of the metaphor 3. Metaphors in Eliot's early poetry 4. The structure and effects of the metonymy 5. Absence as structure: 'The waste land' 6. From network to patters: 'Four quartets' 4. Modernism and myth: Ezra Pound (1885-1972): 1. Myth as frame and supplement 2. Personae and myth in Pound's early poems 3. Fragments of culture 4. Imagism as anti-mythical myth-making 5. The trap of tradition: 'Hugh Selwyn Mauberley' 6. The materiality of 'The cantos' 7. The order of 'The cantos': archive and 'periplous' 8. Self-inflicted blindness and the power of modernism 5. Modernist poetry as a universal compensation strategy 1. Internal problems and lost outsides 2. Strategies of stabilisation 3. Approaching the limits of modernism 6. Modernist poetry and psychoanalysis: 1. Poetry and psychoanalysis: intersections of the modernist project 2. Poetry's synthetic consciouisness and psychoanalytic concepts of the self 3. The writer and his coubles 4. Metaphor, metonymy, symbol and their psychoanalytic counterparts 5. Signs of desire / the desire of signs 7. Towards an economy of the modernist poem: 1. The text as an economy of meaning 2. The stability of the mirror 3. Artificial creation: symbolic values 4. Stable investments: reification 5. Conspicous waste: loss and dissolution as limite of modernism 8. Modernist poetry and language philosophy 1. Cognition and language 2. Nietzsche's radical redefinition of truth 3. Wittgensteins'd distrust of language 4. Heidegger: language as the house of Being Derying conclusions: Opening up modernism