(Dis)obedience in the Cistercian order some reflections on Bernard of Clairvauxʼs letter to brother Adam - Jerković, Marko, povjesničar (2019)
Godine 1124. jedna je skupina redovnika napustila svoju cistercitsku zajednicu u Morimondu i zaputila se u Svetu Zemlju (pothvat koji je završio neuspješno). Budući da za taj put nisu dobili odobrenje redovničkih autoriteta, čin je smatran velikim skandalom koji je uvelike naštetio duhovnome životu zajednice. Veliki cistercitski teolog Bernard od Clairvauxa svojim je pismima nastojao utjecati na povratak »odbjeglih« redovnika. U najopsežnijem pismu, upućenom bratu Adamu, Bernard pojašnjava kako je »nedjelo« redovnika iz Morimonda učinjeno uslijed njihova krivoga shvaćanja autoriteta. Članak analizira na koji je način Bernard poimao istinsku poslušnost i kako je poslušnost korelirao s najvišim duhovnim vrijednostima cistercitskoga reda. Također, istražuju se implikacije poslušnosti i uloga savjesti u redovničkom životu te Bernardova konceptualizacija opatove i redovnikove odgovornosti za zajedničko opsluživanje (Pravila). U konačnici, razmatraju se Bernardovi pogledi na poslušnost u odnosu na unutarnje strukture autoriteta u cistercitskome redu, kao i u odnosu na autoritet biskupa i pape.
In 1124 a group of monks abandoned their Cistercian community of Morimond and set off for the Holy Land (the venture was unsuccessful). Since the Order’s authorities had not approved this departure, it was considered a great scandal, severely damaging the spiritual life of the community. Bernard of Clairvaux, a great Cistercian theologian, compiled several letters in which he tried to convince the »fugitive« monks to return. In the longest letter, addressed to monk Adam (who assumed the leadership of the »fugitive« monks), Bernard explains that the misdeed of the Morimond monks was committed because of their wrong understanding of authority. Hence, Bernard offers a rather complex account of obedience, explicating its spiritual and functional implications. The article analyses how Bernard of Clairvaux understood true obedience, and how he related it to the Order’s highest spiritual values. Additionally, it studies the role of conscience in the monastic life, the implications of disobedience, and the concept of the abbot’s and monk’s responsibility for observance. Finally, it discusses Bernard’s views on how obedience should function when juxtaposed with the Order’s structures of authority and the authority of ecclesiastical dignitaries.
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Keywords: Redovnički život -- Cistercitsko opsluživanje -- Poslušnost -- Odgovornost; Bernardus Claravallensis, sanctus -- Bernard od Clairvauxa; Cisterciti