Ispitivanje eksplicitnog i implicitnog stava prema pretilima kod studenata pomagačkih struka - Kuculo, Iva; Kožar, Etelka; Löw, Ajana (2018)
Cilj je istraživanja bio ispitati eksplicitni i implicitni stav prema pretilim osobama kod studenata nekih pomagačkih struka u Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 429 sudionika, studenata psihologije i socijalnog rada Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Stav je ispitan eksperimentalnom manipulacijom fotografije osobe kojoj je varirana težina (implicitna mjera) i upitnikom (eksplicitna mjera). Negativan je stav prema pretilima utvrđen i na implicitnoj i na eksplicitnoj mjeri. Dobivena je značajna razlika u procjenama radne uspješnosti i u procjenama triju dimenzija ličnosti osobe s obzirom na tjelesnu težinu na fotografiji. U odnosu na osobu prosječne težine sudionici su pretilu osobu procjenjivali manje radno učinkovitom, emocionalno nestabilnijom, manje ekstravertiranom i manje otvorenom prema iskustvima. Iako su studenti psihologije, u odnosu na studente socijalnog rada, "strože" procjenjivali obje osobe, interakcija tjelesne težine na fotografiji i vrste studija procjenjivača nije utvrđena. Sudionici su u prosjeku iskazali i umjerenu razinu eksplicitnoga negativnog stava prema pretilima. Utvrđena je i povezanost negativnog stava s desničarskom autoritarnosti. Implicitne su mjere bile značajno, ali nisko povezane s eksplicitnom, što upućuje da postoji "prikriveni" dio stava koji zahvaća samo implicitna mjera. Dobiveni rezultati daju uvid u nedovoljno istražene spoznaje o stavu prema pretilima kod pomagačkih struka u Hrvatskoj te mogu biti korisne smjernice za programe smanjenja negativnog stava.
The aim of this study was to examine the explicit and implicit attitude towards obese people among students of two helping professions in Croatia. The study included 429 participants –students of psychology and social work at the University of Zagreb. The attitude was assessed using an experimental manipulation which consisted of a modified photograph (implicit measure), as well as the attitudes towards obese people scale (explicit measure). Negative attitude was found on both of the measures. There was a significant difference in the estimates of work performance and estimates of the three dimensions of personality depending on the body weight in the photograph. In comparison with the person of average weight, the obese person was estimated as less effective at work, more emotionally unstable, less extraverted and less open to experience. Psychology students were more stringent in assessing both the overweight and the average weight person. There was no significant interaction between body weight in the photograph and the study field of participants. On average, participants had a moderate level of explicit negative attitude against obese people. Also, results show a positive correlation between negative attitude and right-wing authoritarianism. There were significant, but low associations between implicit and explicit attitude measures, suggesting that there is a "hidden" aspect of the attitude that can be measured only implicitly. The results provide an insight into the under-researched understanding of attitude against obese among helping professions in Croatia and may provide useful guidelines for reducing negative attitude.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la actitud explícita e implícita de los estudiantes croatas de algunas profesiones asistentes hacia los obesos. En la investigación participaron 429 participantes, estudiantes de psicología y trabajo social en la Universidad de Zagreb. Se evaluó la actitud a través de la manipulación experimental de la fotografía de una persona con el peso variado (medida implícita) y a través del cuestionario (medida explícita). Se ha determinado la actitud negativa hacia los obesos tanto en la medida implícita como explícita. Se ha obtenido una diferencia significativa en la evaluación del rendimiento laboral y en la evaluación de tres dimensiones de personalidad basándose en el peso corporal de la persona en la fotografía. En comparación con las personas de peso promedio, los participantes para los obesos evaluaron menor rendimiento laboral, menor estabilidad emocional, menor extraversión y menor apertura a la experiencia. Aunque los estudiantes de psicología evaluaron más "estricto" las dos personas en comparación con los estudiantes de trabajo social, no se ha determinado la interacción entre el peso corporal en la fotografía y el tipo de estudio del participante. Se ha determinado también la relación entre la actitud negativa y el autoritarismo derechista. Las mediciones implícitas fueron significativamente, pero poco relacionadas con la explícita, lo que indica la existencia de una parte "escondida" de la actitud que está cubierta sólo por la medida implícita. Los resultados obtenidos muestran hallazgos que no están suficientemente investigados sobre la actitud de las profesiones asistentes en Croacia hacia los obesos y pueden ser directrices útiles para los programas de disminución de la actitud negativa.
Bibliografija: str. 357-362.
Abstract ; Resumen
Keywords: Pretile osobe -- Stavovi studenata -- Pomagačke struke -- Studenti psihologije -- Studenti socijalnog rada